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Visual Continuity Guide AAA Style Guide

American Anthropological Association 2009 Style Guide

1. General Guidelines…………………………………….. 1

Article Titles and Section Heads………………… 1

Capitalization………………………………………….. 1

Non-English Words and Quotations ………….. 2

Italics………………………………………………………. 2

Numbers …………………………………………………. 3

Punctuation…………………………………………….. 3

Quotations………………………………………………. 4

Running Text…………………………………………… 4

Tables, Figures, and Appendixes……………….. 5

Text Citations and References Cited ………….. 5

1. Orthography…………………………………………….. 6

III. Reference Examples…………………………………. 7

Single-Author Book …………………………………. 7

Coauthored Book…………………………………….. 7

Author, with Others…………………………………. 7

Multiple References in the Same Year……….. 7

Work Accepted for Publication…………………. 7

Work Submitted for Publication

or Unpublished Work……………………………… 7

Materials in Archives………………………………… 7

Chapter in Book with Editor(s)………………….. 7

Editor as Author………………………………………. 7

Article in Journal……………………………………… 7

Article in Journal, Special or

Theme Issue …………………………………………… 8

Book in Series………………………………………….. 8

One Volume in Multivolume Work……………. 8

Review ……………………………………………………. 8

Report…………………………………………………….. 8

Ph.D. Dissertation or M.A. Thesis………………. 8

Paper………………………………………………………. 8

Reprint or Translation………………………………. 8

Subsequent or Revised Edition………………….. 8

Article in Newspaper or

Popular Magazine ………………………………….. 9

Personal Communication …………………………. 9

Court Case ………………………………………………. 9

Electronic/Online Sources…………………………. 9

Non-English Publications with

Title Translation……………………………………… 9

Audiovisual Recordings and Multimedia………… 9

Authors of Forewords, Afterwords, or Introductions……………………………………… 9

Table of Contents

Sources consulted: The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition, 2003); The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing (New York: Lippincott

and Crowell, 1980); Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th edition, 2006); MLA Style Manual (2nd edition, 1998);

and United States Government Printing Office.

Copyright ©2009 American Anthropological Association (July)

American Anthropological Association 2009 Style Guide

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1. Article Titles and Section Heads

(a) Do not put endnote callouts on display type such as

titles, section heads, or epigraphs. Place them after

nearest hard punctuation or at the ends of excerpts.

Never use endnotes inside excerpts or after soft punctuation

(i.e., commas, em-dashes, in lines of poetry).

(b) Do not number section heads

(c) Use the following terms for each separate submission:

• paper = conference
• article = journal or newspaper
• chapter = book
• essay = essay in journal, book, etc.
• review = review in journal or newspaper

2. Capitalization

Follow Webster’s and Chicago

(a) Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Other Groups (Chicago

8.41–8.45)

• Capitalize these terms as noted (unless

author objects): African American, AfroAmerican,

Alaska Native, American Indian,

Asian American, Canadian American, Euramerican,

Euro-American, Euro-Canadian,

European American, European Canadian,

First Nation, Hispanic, Indo-European, Jew,

Latina, Mesoamerican, Native American,

Pacific Islander, Australian and Canadian

Aboriginal and Aborigine

• Lowercase these terms as noted: aboriginal

(where not Australian or Canadian); black;

highlander, but Highlander (where referring

to Scottish); indigenous; mestizo; native (as

adj. except for specific populations, such as

noted above); redneck; white

(b) Events (Chicago 8.81–8.84)

• Capitalize historical, quasi-historical, political,

economic, and cultural events or

plans: Battle of the Books, Boston Tea Party,

Cold War (20th century, USSR vs. USA),

Great Depression, the Holocaust, Industrial

Revolution

• Lowercase: California gold rush, civil rights

movement, cold war, depression

(c) Figures, Tables, and Appendixes (exception to Chicago)

• Capitalize in text if they refer to items within

the present work, lowercase if they refer to

those in other works:

◊ In Figure 1

◊ As you can see in Table 2

◊ In Johnson’s figure 1

◊ Evidence in Johnson’s table 1 agrees

with my own (Table 2)

(d) Historical and Cultural Terms (Chicago 8.77–8.80)

• Where capitalized by tradition or to avoid

ambiguity, per Chicago and Webster’s use:

Middle Ages, Progressive Era, Restoration,

Roaring Twenties, Stone Age

• Lowercase: ancient Greece, nuclear age, romantic

period, U.S. colonial period

(e) Names of Organizations (including committees,

associations, conferences; see Chicago 8.66–8.76)

• Capitalize full official names, but lowercase

“the” preceding a name, even where it is part

of the official title: the Baltimore City Council,

Bureau of the Census, Census Bureau,

Circuit Court of Cook County

• Lowercase where they become general: the

bureau, city council, congressional, council,

county court, federal

1. General Guidelines

AAA uses The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition, 2003) and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th

edition, 2006). This guide is an outline of style rules basic to AAA style. Where no rule is present on this list, follow

Chicago. For spelling, follow Webster’s first spelling if there is a choice and use American not British spellings.

This guide does not apply to newsletters, which frequently deviate from these guidelines in the interest of space

and tend to follow many Associated Press style rules.

American Anthropological Association 2009 Style Guide

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(f) Names of Places (Chicago 8.46–8.63)

• Capitalize geographical and popular names

of places: Antarctica, Asia, Atlantic, Back Bay

(Boston), Central America, City of Brotherly

Love, Foggy Bottom (D.C.), Ivory Coast,

North Pole, Orient, the States, Third World

(do not hyphenate as adj.), Upper Michigan

• Directions should be capitalized where used

as a name but not where used as a direction:

◊ Caribbean Islands; Far East; North

India; North Pole; Pacific Islands; the

South; South India; South Pacific;

the Southwest (n.), but southwestern

(adj.); the West; Westernize

◊ northern Michigan, the south of

France, southeastern, western Samoa,

the Western world

• Lowercase: eastern Europe, western Europe,

central Europe. Exceptions: use Eastern and

Western Europe in the context of the political

divisions of the Cold War; use Central

Europe in the context of the political divisions

of World War I

(g) Titles and Offices (Chicago 8.21–8.35)

• Capitalize civil, military, religious, and professional

titles only where they immediately

precede the name. In formal usage, such as

acknowledgments or lists of contributors,

capitalize the title following the name: B.A.

in anthropology; Judy Jones, Smith Professor

Emeritus at Yale University; Professor Jones,

associate professor of education studies; a

professor emeritus; Henry Trueba, chair of

the Department of Education Studies; the

chairman of the department

• For academic degrees or titles, capitalize

where formal, lowercase where informal:

Louis Spindler, Ph.D.; a Master of Science

degree from University of Virginia; a master’s

degree in education

(h) Titles of Works (Chicago 8.164–8.177)

• For titles of works in AAA journals, references

cited, and notes: change capitalization only.

Do not change anything else, even spelling or

punctuation (exception to Chicago).

• Capitalize first and last words of titles and

subtitles in English. For other languages, follow

Chicago.

• Capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound

(exception to Chicago)

• Do not capitalize parenthetical translations

of titles in references cited

3. Non-English Words and Quotations

(a) Diacritics

• Alert production editor of unusual characters

or fonts in advance of submission to

verify access to usable fonts

(b) Quotations

• Put non-English sentences and quotations in

quotation marks (and do not italicize)

(c) Translations

• Include translations of non-English words

in parentheses immediately following (or

vice versa, but keep consistent throughout

the work)

◊ ellai (borders) and cantippu (crossroads)

• Include translations of foreign-language quotations

either in an endnote or in brackets

immediately following the quotation (without

italics and without quotation marks)

◊ “Todas somos amigas de desde chiquitas,

casi puras vecinas” [We are all

friends since we were small, and almost

all are neighbors].

• For translation of non-English titles in references,

see example #24 in the Reference Examples

section

(d) Words

• Italicize non-English words that do not appear

in the main section of Webster’s. Italicize

them on first use only, unless used as a

term (see 4a below)

4. Italics

(a) Words as Words

• Italicize words used as words (e.g., as terms)

in written context; but where the context is

solely the spoken word, is used for ironic effect,

or is a concept, use quotation marks.

◊ In Smith 1994 the term subaltern

implies

◊ to keep children on the “right path”

academically

◊ Bourdieu, who utilized notions of

“cultural capital” and “habitus”

◊ Bourdieu defines cultural capital and

habitus as

(b) Legal Cases (Chicago 8.88):

• Use italics for names of legal cases

American Anthropological Association 2009 Style Guide

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(c) Publication Names

• Italicize publications used as authors in intext

citations, but leave roman in references

cited. See Reference Examples section.

(d) Use of “[sic]” (Chicago 11.69)

• Italicize word, not brackets
• Correct obvious typographical errors rather

than use [sic]

• Do not italicize: e.g., i.e., or cf.

5. Numbers

(a) Spell out numbers in the following instances

• One through ten
• Numbers at the beginning of a sentence
• Numbers used in the approximate sense

◊ The area comprises roughly two hundred

viable sites; not 200

◊ About 15 thousand soldiers were

killed; not 15,000 or fifteen thousand

(b) Age

• 24 years old, 11 months old, a 34-year-old

woman, in her thirties

(c) Currency

• Assume dollar designations are in U.S. currency.

Otherwise (e.g., Canada) use:

◊ US$200 (not U.S.) and CAN$200

• Do not use $ with USD (e.g., $20 USD), as it

is redundant

• Refer to the Government Printing Office for

pre-Euro designations, or flag for the production

editor

(d) Dates

• ninth century, 20th century; 1960–65; 1960s

(not 60s); the sixties; October 6, 1966; April

1993 (no comma); C.E. 1200; 1000 B.C.E.;

April 18, not April 18th

(e) Fractions

• Hyphenate as both adjective and noun: a

two-thirds majority, two-thirds of those

present

(f) Inclusive numbers

• Do not elide numbers in a range: 893–897;

1,023–1,045

• Elide year spans (exception to above): 1989–92

(g) “Mid-”

• Hyphenate numbers or numerals: mid-thirties

(age), mid-1800s (years)

• Use an en-dash (–), rather than hyphen (-),

with an open compound: mid–19th century,

mid–Cold War

(h) Numbered items, such as parts of a book, are not

capitalized

• chapter 5 (in reviews ch. 5 or chs. 5–7), part 2

(i) Ordinals (nd or rd)

• 22nd, rather than 22d; 23rd, rather than 23d

(j) Quantities (Chicago 9.3–9.4; 9.19)

• Use numerals above ten and spell out measurement:

26 millimeters, five miles, 15 kilometers

(not km); but in tables, OK to use 26

mm, 5 gm, 10 mph

• Express round numbers above ten million in

numerals + words: 20 million

• 20 percent, but in tables, OK to use %
• Use commas in four-digit numbers: 1,409;

but not page numbers (p. 1409)

(k) Series

• Where dealing with more than one series

of quantities, use numerals for one of the

series

◊ The first shape had 4 sides, the second

had 7 … and the twelfth had 3

• Where small numbers occur in a group with

large numbers, set them all in numerals for

consistency

(l) Statistics (Chicago 9.20–9.21; 13.5)

• Decimal fractions: use initial zero only if

number can equal or exceed 1

◊ 0.3–1.5

◊ according to a Chi-square test yielding

a value of 4.2, p < .05

◊ Kappa = .33, p < .05

• Use N for sample sizes, but use n for subgroups of samples

(m) Time 2:00 p.m., noon